ABSTRACT
Background: Tuberculosis [TB] in children is clearly linked to TB in adults therefore active household contact tracing is an important method of early diagnosis and treatment particularly in high-TB-burden countries
Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of TB among household contacts of children suffering from tuberculosis using active contact tracing and linking them to TB program for treatment
Subjects and Methods: A total of 125 children suffering from active tuberculosis [index cases] aged 12 years or less were randomly selected from the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital of Hyderabad. Using their home address, all house hold members of the index cases [sharing one kitchen] were identified. The households were visited by a team including a doctor and the supported staff and were screened for TB using history, physical examination, sputum for AFB and X-ray of chest. Clinical suspects were divided in to two populations, equal to or less than 12 years of age and greater than this age. All suspected cases were brought to outpatient's department of the hospital where children were examined and diagnosed by pediatrician and adults were examined by the pulmonologist
Results: There were 125 children and 1365 household members. Prevalence of active TB in adult household contacts was 8.1% and among children was 5.7%. Mother, father, grand parents or siblings were the source of disease spread in children. Family history of TB was present in 95% [pulmonary 78%, extra-pulmonary 22%]
Conclusion: Tuberculosis in children is mostly spreading from household member hence deeply required to undertake active contact tracing in each new case that is diagnosed or being treated
Policy message: National and Provincial TB programs should advocate and undertake active screening of all household contacts of all TB cases
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Male , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control , Contact Tracing , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Tertiary Care CentersABSTRACT
Objective: to determine the frequency of hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in two university hospitals of Hyderabad
Study design: descriptive observational study
Place and duration: this study was conducted at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad and Isra University Hospital Hyderabad from November 2005 to October 2008
Material and methods: clinically diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] cases were confirmed pathologically. Demographic and clinical information was recorded on a predesigned proforma. Serological assessment for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and delta virus was carried out through ELISA
Results: a total of 200 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma were included in this study. Hepatitis C antibody was present in 145 [72.5%] cases. HBsAg was present in 42 [21.0%] cases. Thirteen [6.5%] cases were infected by multiple viruses. Twenty-one [10.5%] cases were alcoholic as well as infected by hepatitis C and 1 case [0.5%] was only alcoholic. Twelve cases [6.0%] were neither alcoholic nor having any viral etiology
Conclusion: HCV alone was most frequent presentation in cases of HCC followed by HBV, emphasizing their etiological association
ABSTRACT
Objective: to determine the frequency and pattern of herpes zoster at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad
Patiehts and methods: this hospital based descriptive study of six months was carried out at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad [Sindh] Pakistan; from March 2008 to August 2008. All patients who were above 12 years of age, attended the dermatology OPD and were diagnosed as cases of Herpes Zoster were evaluated and enrolled in the study. The diagnosis was established by history and relevant clinical examination. The data were collected on pre-designed proforma, saved and analyzed in SPSS version 10.00. The frequency and percentage of herpes zoster was calculated by detecting the number of positive cases while the pattern was assessed through prodromal, presenting symptoms, dermatome involved and observation of certain complications
Result: one hundred and ten patients were diagnosed as herpes zoster infection with mean age 38.9 +/- 10.79 years. Majority [80%] of the patients was presented in the Department of Dermatology and 76% were males. The most common prodromal symptom was paresthesia in 40 patients, itching in 35 patients, fever and headache in 20 patients, tingling in 15 patients, watering from eyes in 12 patients and burning in 10 patients. The dermatomes involved were thoracic in 78 patients, trigeminal nerve in 12 patients, lumber in 10 patients, cervical in 08 patients, and sacral in 02 patients. The complications seen were secondary infection in 42 [38%] patients, scarring in 18 [16%] patients, and post-herpetic neuralgia [PHN] in 15 [14%] patients
Conclusion: herpes zoster is a common viral infection and can be prevented when necessary by patient isolation and passive prophylaxis with varicella-zoster immune globulin. An experimental live vaccine also prevents varicella, but problems regarding its virulence for immunosuppressed patients and the durability of the protective response are still being addressed
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the cutaneous manifestations in type-II diabetic patients in our tertiary care setup. Setting: This study was carried out in Medicine Department, Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro/ Hyderabad, Sindh - Pakistan; from January to December 2005
Methods: Diabetic patients who had skin problems were selected for the study with convenience sampling technique. Then questionnaires were filled for collection of the data
Results: In this study, 72% diabetics had skin infections, whereas 28% patients had non infectious lesions. Fungal infections were the most commonest [50%], followed by 14.4% bacterial infections and viral infections [7.77%]. Among fungal infections, Candida albicans was commonest [22.2%]. The non infectious lesions were skin tags [8.8%], xanthomas [6.6%], and pruiritis [6.6%]
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the treatment response with lisuride in Hyperprolactinemic women. Study design: Observational Place and Duration: Department of Gynecology / Obstetrics, Peoples Medical College, Nawabshah from 1[st] October 2002 to 30[th] September 2004
Patients and Methods: 25 patients with amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, galactorrhea and infertility with raised levels of serum prolactin, lisuride treatment was given
Results: Serum prolactin levels decreased to normal in 19[76%] patients resumption of regular menses in 20[80%] patients and cessation of galactorrhea in 24[96%] and 6[24%] patients become pregnant. Side effects attributed to lisuride were minimal transient and usually well tolerated
Conclusion: Our study suggests that lisuride is an appropriate therapeutic modality for hyperprolactineamia and prolactin secreting adenomas
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate different sequelae in adult patients of chronic rheumatic heart disease
Design: A descriptive study
Setting: This study was conducted at Liaquat University Hospital and Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad- Sindh from January 2003 to December 2004
Methods: Patients of chronic rheumatic heart disease who presented at Liaquat University Hospital and Isra University Hospital were enrolled in the study. Demographic details of patients such as age, sex, socioeconomic status as well as their symptoms such as dysponea, palpitation and chest pain were noted on a proforma. Number of rheumatic fever attacks in the past were also noted. Patients were examined carefully for cardiac valvular lesions and for signs of acute rheumatic fever. Patients underwent different investigations such as blood complete picture, ESR, ASO titre, ECG, X-ray chest, echocardiography and Doppler. All patients had their calcium levels and collagen profile checked to exclude non rheumatic causes of valvular heart disease
Results: One hundred adult patients of chronic rheumatic heart disease were studied for various valvular sequelae. Out of 100 patients studied, 49 [49%] patients were males and 51 [51%] were females. Seventy-three [73%] patients were below 30 years of age [Group A] and 27 [27%] patients were above 30 years of age [Group B]. Patients age ranged between 12 and 60 years. Forty-eight [48%] patients had predominant mitral stenosis. Forty-two [42%] patients had predominant mitral regurgitation. Nine [9%] patients had aortic regurgitation and one [1%] had aortic stenosis along with mitral valve disease
Conclusion: From this study, it is concluded that mitral valve stenosis is frequently observed than mitral regurgitation and aortic valve is least affected, therefore, in every case of chronic rheumatic fever mitral valve should be thoroughly examined